Novartis was formed in 1996 through a merger of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz, two companies with histories stretching back to the 18th and 19th centuries, respectively. elaborate
Pfizer's original name was "Pfizer & Company," reflecting its founding as a partnership. elaborate
Roche, the Swiss pharmaceutical giant, was founded by Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche, whose cousin was the founder of another pharmaceutical giant, Hoffmann-Ono. elaborate
Merck & Co. (known as MSD outside the US and Canada) developed the first commercially successful measles vaccine. elaborate
Johnson & Johnson originally sold their products door-to-door. elaborate